In the macro literature on lifecycle choices and health, the survival probability depends not only on age but also on health. Health is often modelled as a Markov shock, either exogenous or somehow affected by health effort. Some relevant papers:
- Juergen Jung, Chung Tran, “Health Risk, Insurance, and Optimal Progressive Income Taxation”, Journal of the European Economic Association , Volume 21, Issue 5, October 2023, Pages 2043–2097, https://doi.org/10.1093/jeea/jvad010
- Mahler, Lukas, and Minchul Yum. “Lifestyle Behaviors and Wealth-Health Gaps in Germany.” Econometrica, vol. 92, .no 5, Econometric Society, 2024, pp. 1697-1733, Lifestyle Behaviors and Wealth-Health Gaps in Germany | The Econometric Society
- Mariacristina De Nardi, Svetlana Pashchenko, Ponpoje Porapakkarm, "The Lifetime Costs of Bad Health, The Review of Economic Studies" , 2024, https://doi.org/10.1093/restud/rdae080
In any case, in all these models the survival probability and hence the effective discount factor does depend on z, if we interpret z as health.
How costly would be to allow this feature in the toolkit? I know there is a trick (transition to dead state, explanation in older post here), but the code is not very clean. In particular, when doing model moments, you have to use conditional restrictions and it becomes complicated